That jumping back and forth, between its preferred place and where we are really forcing it to be, turns out to make this noise.

When you go to nano-sized dimensions, matter acts differently.

Early on, the scanning tunneling microscope was more used like an archeologist’s tool, where you were seeing things for the first time.

It is a very precious and unique environment that we can study these quantum phenomenon, … It’s a quantum workbench for us.