Propagandists reveal themselves through their use of tricks such as “name-calling”, employing “glittering generalities”, “plain folks” identifications, “card stacking”, “bandwagon” devices, and so on. Such devices could be identified easily in many religious and political...

The assumptions that propagandists are rational, in the sense that they follow their own propaganda theories in their choice of communications, and that the meanings of propagandists’ communications may differ for different people reoriented the...