It is clear that the commingling of Internet Explorer and Windows provides few real-world benefits – and several significant real-world costs and risks – for corporate customers that do not standardize on Internet Explorer.

Certainly there are some organizations that find the integration appealing. My point is there are some that don’t and they have no way to get rid of it.

An operating-system vendor can mitigate at least some of the potential disadvantages of integration by providing customers the option of uninstalling the integrated application (or by offering non-integrated options to begin with),

The commingling of application and operating system code does not preclude the developer of the product from providing customers the ability to remove a bundled application.

Organizations continue to view Internet Explorer (the browser) and Windows (the operating system) as distinct products,